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In case of defamation, which of the following is not required to be proved by defend plaintiff ?

  • A.The statement is expressly communicated to plaintiff
  • B.The statement must be defamatory
  • C.The statement must be refer to the plaintiff
  • D.The statement must be published

Answer: A

The plaintiff need not prove that the statement was expressly communicated to the plaintiff.

To succeed in an action for defamation, the plaintiff must prove that the statement was defamatory, that it referred to the plaintiff, and that it was published, that is, communicated to at least one person other than the plaintiff. Defamation protects reputation, which is the estimation in which others hold a person, so the essential communication is to a third party.

A statement made only to the plaintiff, with no one else hearing or reading it, is not defamation at all. Communication to the plaintiff is therefore neither necessary nor sufficient, which is why it is the element not required.

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