Discussion
Assertion (A): Strength measured on small test bars overestimates the strength of a large component made of the same material.
Reason (R): A larger volume has a greater chance of containing a severe flaw.
Answer: A
Both are true and the reason gives the statistics: the strength is set by the worst flaw, and the chance of a very bad one rises with the volume under stress, which is what Weibull theory quantifies. Test bar results must be scaled before they apply to a component.
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