Discussion
Assertion (A): Proof testing is used for critical ceramic components despite destroying some of them.
Reason (R): A component that survives a known overload cannot contain a flaw larger than a calculable size.
Answer: A
Correct answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Both are true and the reason gives the logic. Fracture mechanics relates strength to flaw size, so surviving a known stress proves that no flaw above the corresponding size is present. That is a guarantee no amount of sampling can give, and it is why the deliberate destruction of the weakest pieces is accepted for components whose failure would be serious.
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