Discussion
Who coined about the efficient utilisation of defence expenditure in the form of standing army ?
Answer: C
The idea is Adam Smith's.
In Book V of The Wealth of Nations (1776), on the expenses of the sovereign, Smith argued that defence is the first duty of the state and that, as society advances, a professional standing army is a more efficient use of defence spending than a militia, because the division of labour applies to soldiering too: full-time trained soldiers fight far better than part-time citizens.
David Ricardo wrote on how wars should be financed, Jean-Baptiste Say (printed 'Baptine') on markets and production, and Malthus on population. None made the standing-army argument.
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