Discussion
Programme budgeting for defence preparedness had its origin in :
Answer: B
Programme budgeting for defence originated in the USA.
The Planning-Programming-Budgeting System (PPBS) was introduced in the US Department of Defense in 1961 by Secretary Robert McNamara, with Charles Hitch as Comptroller. It grouped spending by military missions and programmes, such as strategic forces or airlift, rather than by service or by item, so that costs could be compared with the capabilities they bought.
President Johnson extended the system to other federal departments in 1965, and other countries later borrowed it. Britain, Russia and Australia were adopters or non-users, not the origin.
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