Discussion
.............. enhances civil-military integration which reduces the burden of defence expenditure by promoting technological sharing, supply chains, technologies and dual use technologies.
Answer: D
The answer is Globalisation.
Globalisation integrates production across borders through global supply chains and the spread of technology. In defence it encourages civil-military integration: the armed forces buy from commercial suppliers and use dual-use technologies such as electronics, computing and materials developed for civilian markets, so the cost of developing them is shared and the burden of defence spending falls.
World-systems theory, modernisation theory and Rostow's linear stages of growth are theories of development and underdevelopment; they do not describe this sharing of technology and supply chains between the civil and military sectors.
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