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\(\displaystyle\int \frac{\log(1 + x)}{(1 + x)}\, dx =\)

  • A.\(\frac{1}{2}\log(1 + x) + C\)
  • B.\(\frac{1}{2}[\log(1 + x)]^{2} + C\)
  • C.\([\log(1 + x)]^{2} + C\)
  • D.\(\log(1 + x) + C\)
  • E.\(x\log(1 + x) + C\)

Answer: B

The integral is \(\frac{1}{2}[\log(1 + x)]^{2} + C\).

Substitute \(t = \log(1 + x)\), so \(dt = \frac{dx}{1 + x}\):

\[ \begin{aligned} \int t\,dt &= \frac{t^{2}}{2} + C \\ &= \frac{1}{2}[\log(1 + x)]^{2} + C \end{aligned} \]

Without the \(\frac{1}{2}\) the derivative would be twice the integrand. \(\frac{1}{2}\log(1 + x)\) and \(\log(1 + x)\) are the integrals of \(\frac{1}{1 + x}\)-type functions, not of this one.

The general pattern is \(\int f(x)f'(x)\,dx = \frac{[f(x)]^{2}}{2} + C\), here with \(f(x) = \log(1 + x)\).

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