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The incidence matrix of a general block design is :

\[ N = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 1 \end{bmatrix} \]

Hence the number of estimable orthogonal block contrasts is :

  • A.2
  • B.1
  • C.3
  • D.4

Answer: A

The number of estimable orthogonal block contrasts is 2.

N has 4 rows (treatments) and 3 columns (blocks): block 1 contains treatments 1 and 2, block 2 contains 1, 3 and 4, and block 3 contains 1 and 4. Treatment 1 appears in every block, linking them all, so the design is connected.

In a connected design all block contrasts are estimable, and with \(b = 3\) blocks there are \(b - 1 = 2\) independent (orthogonal) block contrasts. 3 would be the number of blocks, and 1 or 4 do not match \(b - 1\).

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