Discussion
Pre-tensioning of a bolted joint is used to
Answer: C
Pre-tensioning is used to increase stiffness of the bolted joint.
Tightening the bolt clamps the members together under compression. Under external load, the clamped members unload while the bolt carries only a fraction of the load, so the joint deflects much less than a loose one, stays closed and resists separation and leakage. The bolt also sees a smaller alternating load, which improves its fatigue life.
Pre-tension does not aim to strain-harden the bolt head, and it does not prevent yielding at the thread root; excessive pre-tension can in fact cause yielding there. It increases, not decreases, the joint's effective stiffness.
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