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What does the tail current source do for a differential pair?

  • A.Sets the differential gain of the stage
  • B.Provides the bias voltage for the two bases
  • C.Filters supply ripple from the output
  • D.Holds the total current constant whatever the common-mode input

Answer: D

A high-impedance tail fixes the sum of the two collector currents, so a common-mode input moves both devices together without changing anything at the outputs. The differential gain is set by the transconductance and the collector loads, base bias comes from the source impedance, and filtering is a separate function. Since the tail's impedance is what makes the common-mode gain small, it is the component that decides the rejection ratio. Checking the units of each quantity catches a wrong formula before the arithmetic begins.

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