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What happens at the two collectors when a common-mode signal is applied?

  • A.Both move together by a small amount
  • B.One rises while the other falls equally
  • C.Neither moves at all under any conditions
  • D.One saturates while the other cuts off

Answer: A

With a perfect tail nothing would move, but a real source has finite impedance, so both collectors shift slightly in the same direction and the difference between them stays near zero. Equal and opposite movement is the differential response. That the common-mode output appears at both collectors equally is precisely why taking the output differentially rejects it, and why a single-ended output does not reject it nearly so well. The shared properties explain why these belong to one family, and the differences explain why more than one exists.

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