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What is an input offset voltage?

  • A.The voltage between the inputs and earth at rest
  • B.The maximum difference the inputs will tolerate
  • C.The common-mode voltage the stage requires
  • D.The input difference needed to zero the output

Answer: D

Offset voltage is the small difference that must be applied between the inputs to bring the output to zero, and it arises from mismatch between the two devices and their loads. The other options describe common-mode conditions and input ranges. Because it is referred to the input, it is multiplied by the full gain on its way to the output - which is why a millivolt of offset matters so much more than a millivolt of anything measured later. A limit that survives making every external component ideal is an intrinsic one, and worth knowing for that reason.

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