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Consider the following pairs of quantity and its definition.

Input offset voltage - The difference needed to zero the output

Input bias current - The average of the two input currents

Input offset current - The difference between the two input currents

Common-mode rejection ratio - Common-mode gain over differential gain

How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

  • A.Only two
  • B.All four
  • C.Only three
  • D.Only one

Answer: C

The first three are correctly paired and the fourth is inverted: the rejection ratio is the differential gain over the common-mode gain, so a good stage has a large one rather than a small one. Getting the ratio the right way up matters because the inverted form would be a number far below one and would look like a fault. A figure of merit should grow as the device improves, which is a quick check on whether a ratio has been written the right way round. Naming the cost of a choice alongside its benefit is what turns a fact into a design decision.

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