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What is the transfer characteristic of a bipolar differential pair?

  • A.A square law in the input difference
  • B.An exponential in the input difference
  • C.A hyperbolic tangent of the input difference
  • D.A straight line over the whole input range

Answer: C

The two exponential characteristics combine into a hyperbolic tangent, which is linear near the origin and saturates at full steering in both directions. A field effect pair follows a square-law-derived shape instead, and neither a straight line nor a bare exponential describes it. That the saturation is smooth rather than abrupt is what lets the same circuit serve as a linear amplifier near the origin and as a limiter further out. Naming the cost of a choice alongside its benefit is what turns a fact into a design decision.

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