Discussion
A pair works normally until both inputs are taken close to the negative rail, then stops. Why?
Answer: A
Taking both inputs down eventually leaves too little voltage across the tail source for it to behave as a current source, and the stage collapses. Breakdown would be permanent, collector saturation limits the upper end of the range instead, and offset does not vary that way. That the two ends of the common-mode range fail by different mechanisms explains why they are rarely symmetrical, and why a data sheet quotes them separately. Checking the units of each quantity catches a wrong formula before the arithmetic begins.
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