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Which input stage suits a low-impedance source such as a moving-coil cartridge?

  • A.A bipolar pair at a fairly high current
  • B.A field effect pair at minimum current
  • C.A bipolar pair with heavy emitter degeneration
  • D.A field effect pair with a cascode above it

Answer: A

A low source resistance generates little thermal noise of its own, so what matters is the amplifier's input noise voltage, and a bipolar pair run at a good current has the lowest available. Field effect devices excel with high-impedance sources where their negligible input current dominates, and degeneration raises the noise voltage. Which family is quieter depends entirely on the source impedance, which is why low-noise design begins by measuring the source rather than by choosing a device.

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