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What is the characteristic weakness of a rail-to-rail input stage?

  • A.Its slew rate depends on the common-mode voltage
  • B.Its offset changes as the pairs hand over
  • C.Its bandwidth falls at the middle of the range
  • D.Its bias current reverses direction at the rails

Answer: B

The two complementary pairs have different offsets, so as the common-mode input crosses the handover region the stage's offset shifts - a step in the transfer characteristic that limits its precision. Bandwidth, bias current direction and slew rate are affected far less. An arrangement that extends a range by switching between two circuits inherits a discontinuity where they meet, which is a general consequence worth expecting whenever such a technique is used.

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