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The method of Lagrange multipliers finds the extrema of a function subject to a constraint by

  • A.setting the gradient of the function proportional to that of the constraint
  • B.eliminating the constraint and differentiating what remains
  • C.maximising the constraint instead of the function
  • D.requiring both gradients to vanish at the same point

Answer: A

At a constrained extremum the level curve of \( f \) touches the constraint curve, so their normals are parallel and \( \nabla f = \lambda \nabla g \). Elimination is the alternative route, workable only when the constraint can be solved explicitly, and demanding that both gradients vanish imposes far more than is needed

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