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If \(x^{y} y^{x} = C\), then \(\frac{dy}{dx} = ?\)

  • A.\(-\frac{y(y + x\ln y)}{x(x + y\ln x)}\)
  • B.\(\frac{y(y + x\ln y)}{x(x + y\ln x)}\)
  • C.\(-\frac{x(y + x\ln y)}{y(x + y\ln x)}\)
  • D.\(\frac{x(y + x\ln y)}{y(x + y\ln x)}\)

Answer: A

Take natural logarithms of \(x^y y^x = C\) to get \(y\ln x + x\ln y = \ln C\) and differentiate implicitly:

\[ \begin{aligned} \frac{y}{x} + \ln x\,y' + \ln y + \frac{x}{y}y' = 0 \\ y' = -\frac{(y + x\ln y)/x}{(y\ln x + x)/y} \\ &= -\frac{y(y + x\ln y)}{x(x + y\ln x)} \end{aligned} \]

The negative sign is essential because the two sides of the constraint trade off against each other. The unsigned version in the second option and the options with x and y swapped (the third and fourth) come from errors in collecting the terms with y' or in inverting the fraction.

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