Discussion
The formula for permanent dentition in dogs is:
Answer: C
The dog's permanent dental formula is \(\frac{3-1-4-2}{3-1-4-3}\).
A dental formula gives, for one side of the jaw, the number of incisors, canines, premolars and molars, upper over lower. The adult dog has 3 incisors, 1 canine, 4 premolars and 2 molars on each side above, and 3, 1, 4 and 3 below.
\[ 2 \times (3+1+4+2) + 2 \times (3+1+4+3) = 20 + 22 = 42 \]
So a dog has 42 permanent teeth. The other formulae give 32, 28 and 40 teeth and do not match the canine dentition; the lower jaw always has one more molar than the upper in the dog.
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