Discussion
Which NTFS artifact can prove that a file existed even if both its MFT entry and filename have been completely overwritten ?
Answer: D
The artifact is $UsnJrnl, the NTFS change journal.
The update sequence number journal (the $UsnJrnl file in the $Extend directory) logs every change to every file: creation, renaming, writes and deletion. Each record holds the file name, the MFT reference number, a timestamp and a reason code. Because these records live in a separate file, they survive after the file's own MFT entry has been reused and its name overwritten, so they can prove the file existed.
$Secure holds the volume's security descriptors, $Volume the volume name and version, and $AttrDef the definitions of attribute types. None of them records the history of individual files.
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