Discussion
A \( 50 \ \mathrm{mA} \) load is now connected across that Zener. The diode current becomes
Answer: D
The resistor can supply only ten milliamps in total:
\[ \begin{aligned} I_{R} &= 10 \ \mathrm{mA} \\ I_{Z} &= 10 - 50 < 0 \end{aligned} \]
so the diode stops conducting and regulation is lost, with the output falling below ten volts. This is the design check that matters most: the series resistor has to pass the maximum load current plus a minimum keep-alive current for the diode.
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