Discussion
Which breakdown mechanism dominates in a Zener diode below about five volts?
Answer: C
Below roughly five volts the Zener effect, a direct tunnelling process, dominates and has a negative temperature coefficient; above it avalanche multiplication takes over with a positive one. Thermal runaway is a failure rather than a mechanism, and punch-through belongs to transistors. The crossover is why diodes near 5.6 V have almost zero temperature coefficient, which is exactly why that value is chosen for references. Most errors on this topic come from carrying a result across from a neighbouring scheme where it does not hold.
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