Discussion
A capacitor filter supplies \( 100 \ \mathrm{mA} \) with \( 1000 \ \mathrm{\mu F} \) at \( 100 \ \mathrm{Hz} \) ripple. The peak-to-peak ripple is about
Answer: A
The capacitor discharges at the load current for about one ripple period:
\[ \begin{aligned} \Delta V &= \frac{I t}{C} \\ &= \frac{0.1 \times 0.01}{10^{-3}} = 1 \ \mathrm{V} \end{aligned} \]
giving about 1 volt. The remaining options misplace a decade. The relation says ripple is proportional to load current and inversely to capacitance, which is why a supply's ripple specification is always quoted at a stated load.
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