Discussion
Why does a half-wave rectifier's transformer risk direct magnetisation?
Answer: C
Current flows in the secondary only on one half cycle, so a net direct component magnetises the core and pushes it towards saturation, wasting capability and increasing loss. The primary's ripple, the available voltage and the ripple frequency are all separate matters. Any winding carrying unidirectional current biases its core, which is why full-wave and bridge arrangements are preferred at anything above the smallest powers. A single measurement chosen to respond to the one asymmetry beats several that respond to shared behaviour.
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