Discussion
Junction breakdown of a PN junction diode occurs :
Answer: C
Junction breakdown occurs with reverse bias.
A reverse-biased PN junction passes only a tiny leakage current until the reverse voltage reaches the breakdown voltage. The current then rises sharply, either by avalanche multiplication (in lightly doped junctions, where carriers gain enough energy to knock out more carriers) or by zener breakdown (in heavily doped junctions, where the strong field pulls electrons out of their bonds).
Under forward bias the junction simply conducts once the barrier is overcome; that is normal operation, not breakdown. Switching and improper design are not the condition that defines junction breakdown.
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