Discussion
In RAID 4, the main performance bottleneck arises due to
Answer: C
The bottleneck is a single dedicated parity disk.
RAID 4 stripes data in blocks across several disks and keeps all parity on one extra disk. Reads can be spread across the data disks, but every write, to any data disk, also has to update the parity block on that one parity disk. Small random writes therefore queue up on the parity disk, which limits write throughput. RAID 5 removes the problem by rotating parity across all disks.
Disk mirroring is RAID 1 and is not used in RAID 4. Fragmentation is a file-system issue, and RAID 4 uses uniform block sizes, so those options do not describe its weakness.
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