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Which adjustment is applied to a kinematically computed omega profile?

  • A.The wind observations are replaced by their geostrophic values before the divergence is computed at all
  • B.The result is multiplied by density
  • C.The profile is smoothed vertically until the resulting omega field varies monotonically with height
  • D.The divergence profile is corrected so that omega vanishes at the top

Answer: D

O'Brien's correction distributes the error through the profile so that the physically required upper boundary condition of zero omega is satisfied, weighting the adjustment towards the levels where the divergence is least reliable. Substituting geostrophic winds would give zero divergence on an f-plane and hence no omega at all, which defeats the purpose. Density conversion and smoothing address different issues. Framing the question as which quantity the change acts upon makes the answer follow without calculation.

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