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Which two forcing terms appear in the classical omega equation?

  • A.The Coriolis parameter and its meridional gradient, which together determine the planetary vorticity
  • B.Differential vorticity advection and thermal advection
  • C.Friction and diabatic heating, being the two processes that the adiabatic system does not represent
  • D.Divergence and vorticity

Answer: B

Ascent is forced where cyclonic vorticity advection increases with height and where warm advection is occurring, which is why the region ahead of an upper trough is a region of cloud and rain. Friction and diabatic heating appear as additional terms in extended forms but not in the classical adiabatic version. Learning to read the two classical terms off a chart is among the most useful skills the quasi-geostrophic system provides. Reading the definition literally, rather than recalling a formula, is the reliable route through questions of this shape.

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