Discussion
Which comparison shows the strength of orographic forcing?
Answer: A
A wind of 10 metres per second crossing a modest slope produces around 10 centimetres per second of ascent against a synoptic value near 1 centimetre per second. This is why rainfall totals on windward slopes are so much greater than on adjacent lowlands and why orography must be represented carefully in any model used for hydrological forecasting in mountainous terrain.
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