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Which relationship links divergence at upper levels to surface pressure change?

  • A.The relationship depends on the static stability of the intervening layers within the column concerned
  • B.Divergence aloft exceeding convergence below lowers the surface pressure
  • C.Divergence aloft always raises the surface pressure because air is being drawn into the column below
  • D.There is no relationship at all

Answer: B

Surface pressure measures the weight of the overlying column, so if more mass leaves the top than enters at the bottom the column lightens and the pressure falls. This mass budget argument is the dynamical basis of the rule that surface lows deepen beneath and downstream of upper troughs. Static stability affects how the vertical motion is distributed but not the sign of the pressure change. A limit that survives making every external component ideal is an intrinsic one, and worth knowing for that reason.

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