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Which term is added to the omega equation to represent this effect?

  • A.A frictional term, which represents the turbulent stresses acting within the planetary boundary layer
  • B.A curvature term
  • C.An orographic term, which accounts for the forced ascent of the flow over the sloping terrain below
  • D.A diabatic heating term

Answer: D

The full omega equation includes the Laplacian of the diabatic heating rate alongside the vorticity and thermal advection terms, and latent heat release is the dominant contributor in a precipitating system. Friction and orography can also be added as further terms. Recognising the classical two-term form as an adiabatic frictionless approximation makes it clear when additional terms are required. Working one numerical case through both cases side by side fixes the distinction better than any rule of thumb.

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