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Which quantity does the divergent part of the wind carry?

  • A.Almost all of the kinetic energy of the flow at the synoptic scales at which weather systems occur
  • B.The vorticity
  • C.The thermal advection, which is what forces the ascent ahead of a warm front in a developing system
  • D.Almost all of the vertical motion

Answer: D

The divergent wind is typically a tenth of the rotational wind and carries about one per cent of the kinetic energy, yet by continuity it accounts for essentially all of the vertical motion. This disparity is why the velocity potential receives so much attention in diagnostics of weather despite being dynamically small. Vorticity belongs to the rotational part, and thermal advection involves the full wind. Working one numerical case through both cases side by side fixes the distinction better than any rule of thumb.

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