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Which tropical circulation is displayed using velocity potential charts?

  • A.The intertropical convergence zone, which is best identified from the convergence of the surface winds
  • B.The Walker circulation
  • C.The Hadley circulation, whose ascending and descending branches lie in the meridional plane instead
  • D.The monsoon trough

Answer: B

The Walker circulation, with ascent over the maritime continent and descent over the eastern Pacific, appears clearly as a large-scale pattern in the 200 hectopascal velocity potential field. Its variation with the El Nino cycle is monitored in exactly this way. The Hadley cell is meridional and is usually shown as a zonal mean streamfunction, while the convergence zone is a narrower feature better seen in the wind or cloud fields. Naming the cost of a choice alongside its benefit is what turns a fact into a design decision.

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