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Which quantity does the Madden-Julian Oscillation index often use?

  • A.500 hectopascal height
  • B.The zonal mean surface pressure difference between Darwin and Tahiti observed over successive months
  • C.200 hectopascal velocity potential
  • D.The sea surface temperature averaged over the central equatorial Pacific across a three month period

Answer: C

The eastward propagating envelope of enhanced and suppressed convection that constitutes the oscillation is most clearly seen in upper level velocity potential, which responds directly to the divergent circulation above the convection. Sea surface temperature indices and the Darwin Tahiti pressure difference measure the El Nino Southern Oscillation instead, on a much longer timescale.

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