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Which quantity does the adiabatic method use to infer vertical motion?

  • A.The divergence of the observed wind field integrated upward from the lower boundary of the atmosphere
  • B.The vorticity
  • C.The slope of the potential temperature surfaces relative to the direction of the horizontal flow
  • D.The observed local temperature tendency and horizontal advection

Answer: D

For adiabatic motion the thermodynamic equation relates the vertical velocity to the difference between the observed local temperature change and the change explained by horizontal advection. Where the observed cooling exceeds the advective cooling, ascent must be responsible. The method fails wherever latent heat release or radiation is significant, which limits its usefulness in precisely the situations of greatest interest. The quantity that varies and the quantity that does not are worth naming before any substitution is attempted.

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