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Which quantity does a mass flux convection scheme carry?

  • A.The upward mass flux in the cloud ensemble
  • B.The temperature within each individual cumulus tower present in the grid box at that particular moment
  • C.The horizontal wind at cloud base
  • D.The number of separate convective cells that are active within the grid box at the time of the call

Answer: A

Mass flux schemes represent the ensemble of clouds within a grid box by a single upward mass flux and its associated entrainment and detrainment, from which the effect on the box mean profile is computed. Individual cloud properties are neither tracked nor needed. The closure, which determines the magnitude of the flux, is the most uncertain part of such schemes and a longstanding source of model error. Checking the units of each quantity catches a wrong formula before the arithmetic begins.

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