Discussion
Which consequence does the weak temperature gradient have for tropical vertical motion?
Answer: C
With horizontal temperature gradients unable to persist, the thermodynamic equation reduces to a balance between diabatic heating and adiabatic cooling by ascent, so the vertical motion is set directly by the heating rate. This diagnostic relation is the basis of much tropical modelling. Horizontal advection is negligible precisely because the gradients are weak, and radiative adjustment is far too slow to balance convective heating. A single measurement chosen to respond to the one asymmetry beats several that respond to shared behaviour.
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