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Which large-scale field best displays the divergent response to tropical heating?

  • A.The surface wind field, from which the convergence into the heated region may be measured directly
  • B.The 200 hectopascal velocity potential
  • C.The mean sea level pressure field, in which the tropical response appears as a closed low pressure area
  • D.The 500 hectopascal height

Answer: B

Upper level velocity potential responds directly to the divergent outflow above deep convection and shows the planetary scale pattern clearly, which is why it is the standard field for monitoring tropical intraseasonal variability. Tropical sea level pressure anomalies are only a hectopascal or two and easily lost in the noise, and 500 hectopascal height contains little tropical signal because the temperature gradients are so weak. A limit that survives making every external component ideal is an intrinsic one, and worth knowing for that reason.

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