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A Costas loop recovers the carrier phase by

  • A.Limiting the signal and counting zero crossings
  • B.Comparing two quadrature detector outputs
  • C.Squaring the signal and dividing the result by two
  • D.Filtering a residual pilot carrier out of the received spectrum

Answer: B

The Costas arrangement runs two multipliers in quadrature and uses the product of their outputs as an error signal, which vanishes only when the reference is aligned with the signal. It locks without needing any transmitted carrier. Squaring and dividing is the squaring-loop alternative, which works but needs a divider and has a phase ambiguity. A pilot carrier is a different scheme entirely. And zero-crossing counting is a frequency measurement, not a phase-recovery method.

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