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The damped natural frequency is related to the undamped value by

  • A.\( \omega_d = \omega_n\xi \) so that light damping gives almost no frequency
  • B.\( \omega_d = \omega_n/\xi \) so that light damping gives a very large frequency
  • C.\( \omega_d = \omega_n\sqrt{1-\xi^2} \)
  • D.\( \omega_d = \omega_n\sqrt{1+\xi^2} \) with the sign inside the root reversed

Answer: C

Correct answer: \( \omega_d = \omega_n\sqrt{1-\xi^2} \)

Damping lowers the frequency of free oscillation, and the reduction goes as the square root of \( 1-\xi^2 \).

The practical consequence is that the correction is negligible at civil engineering damping levels: at \( \xi = 0.05 \) the factor is 0.99875, so the damped and undamped periods differ by about an eighth of one per cent. The distinction matters mathematically and almost never numerically, which is why codes work with the undamped period throughout.

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