Discussion
In a regular building, the mode with the longest period is
Answer: A
Correct answer: the fundamental mode
The first or fundamental mode has the lowest natural frequency and therefore the longest period, and in a regular building it is the simple sway shape with all floors moving the same way.
It usually carries the greatest participation factor and effective mass, so it dominates the seismic response. Higher modes have shorter periods, more complex shapes with sign changes up the height, and smaller participation - though they matter for tall or irregular buildings.
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