Discussion
Rayleigh's method for estimating the fundamental frequency gives a result that is
Answer: B
Correct answer: an upper bound on the true fundamental frequency
Rayleigh's method computes a frequency from an assumed deflected shape, and the constraint imposed by assuming a shape stiffens the system. Any assumed shape other than the true mode therefore gives a frequency above the true fundamental.
The bound is one-sided and it is useful: the estimate is conservative in the sense of erring high, and the error is second order in the shape error, so even a crude assumption - the static deflection under self weight is the usual choice - gives a good result.
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