Discussion
Step-by-step numerical integration is preferred to Duhamel's integral for earthquake analysis mainly because it
Answer: B
Correct answer: handles inelastic behaviour and irregular records naturally
Step-by-step integration advances the solution one small interval at a time, so the stiffness can be updated whenever a member yields - something superposition cannot accommodate.
An earthquake record is also a long irregular series of digitised values, which the marching scheme consumes directly. It is not exact for any time step, it needs the damping like any other method, and it produces the whole history from which the peak is then read.
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