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A trap in reading modal results is to assume that

  • A.the peak responses of different modes occur at the same instant
  • B.each mode has its own natural period and mode shape
  • C.the fundamental mode usually carries most of the mass
  • D.mode shapes are orthogonal with respect to the mass matrix

Answer: A

Correct answer: the peak responses of different modes occur at the same instant

Each mode has its own period, so its peak arrives at its own moment. Adding the modal peaks arithmetically would assume a coincidence that does not occur and would badly overstate the response.

That is why modal combination rules exist: square root of the sum of squares for well-separated periods, and complete quadratic combination where periods are close enough for the modes to interact. The other three statements are all true of modal analysis.

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