Discussion
Forced vibration of a structure occurs
Answer: D
Correct answer: while an external time-varying force or support motion acts on it
Forced vibration is motion under a continuing excitation, whether an applied load or a moving support - and base motion counts, since in relative coordinates it appears as the equivalent force \( -m\ddot{u}_g \).
The response consists of a transient at the natural frequency, which damping removes, and a steady state at the forcing frequency, which persists. Motion after the force is removed is free vibration, and neither damping nor the number of degrees of freedom enters the definition.
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