Discussion
Steel structures are commonly assigned a lower damping ratio than reinforced concrete ones because
Answer: A
Correct answer: they dissipate less energy internally and at their connections
Damping in a real structure comes largely from internal friction, from micro-cracking, and from movement at joints and interfaces with non-structural elements.
Reinforced concrete offers all of those in abundance; welded and bolted steel offers far less. Hence the usual assumptions of 2 to 3 per cent for steel and 5 per cent for concrete. The consequence is a higher spectral demand on the steel structure, since the resonant magnification is inversely proportional to the damping.
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