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Match each lateral mode with its typical behaviour.

List I

A. Dutch roll

B. Roll subsidence

C. Spiral

List II

P. Time constant of a few tenths of a second

Q. Oscillation of a few seconds, lightly damped

R. Time to double amplitude of tens of seconds

Select the correct match.

  • A.A-Q, B-P, C-R
  • B.A-P, B-Q, C-R
  • C.A-Q, B-R, C-P
  • D.A-R, B-P, C-Q

Answer: A

Dutch roll is the oscillation, roll subsidence the fast time constant and the spiral the slow divergence, so A-Q, B-P, C-R. The numbers are worth carrying: a Dutch roll period of three to six seconds with a damping ratio around 0.1, a roll time constant of 0.2 to 0.5 seconds, and a spiral that doubles in twenty seconds or more when it is divergent at all. Swapping the first two confuses an oscillation with a decay, and attributing tens of seconds to the Dutch roll would make it as slow as a phugoid.

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