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Three of the following are lateral-directional modes. The exception is

  • A.Spiral mode
  • B.Short period
  • C.Dutch roll
  • D.Roll subsidence

Answer: B

Short period is a longitudinal mode, a fast pitching oscillation in angle of attack; the other three are the roots of the lateral-directional problem. For small perturbations about symmetric flight the two sets of equations decouple, which is exactly why they are solved separately and why mixing the mode names is a common examination error. The phugoid is the other longitudinal root, and it is worth keeping the two lists distinct in memory: two longitudinal oscillations, one lateral one.

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