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The classic hazard associated with an unstable spiral mode is

  • A.Loss of aileron effectiveness
  • B.A gradually tightening descending turn if the aeroplane is left unattended
  • C.An immediate departure into a spin
  • D.A pitch-up at high angle of attack, once the tailplane enters the wing wake

Answer: B

Left alone, the bank increases, the nose drops, speed builds and the turn tightens: a graveyard spiral, dangerous not because it develops quickly but because it develops unnoticed, especially without an external horizon. It is a distinct phenomenon from a spin, which requires stall and autorotation rather than a slow bank divergence. Pitch-up is a longitudinal high-incidence problem. Aileron effectiveness is unaffected: the controls work perfectly throughout, which is what makes the recovery straightforward once the condition is recognised.

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